Rails from a split-rail or “worm” fence like this one were used to separate Confederate troops in the sunken lane to the left from Union troops attacking from the right.
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Sergeant Thomas Galwey of the 8th Ohio Infantry: “There were Confederate battleflags at intervals in the Sunken Lane, six or seven, I think, along our front at one time. . . . The fence on this side of the lane had been pulled down and the rails were piled up along this edge. On the other side of the lane the fence, a common snake or zigzag fence, was still standing at first, but later on I recollect noticing that it was nearly all down.” -- Galwey’s paper “At the Battle of Antietam with the Eight Ohio Infantry,” in Personal Recollections of the War of the Rebellion: Addresses Delivered Before the Commandery of the State of New York, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States [New York MOLLUS], volume 3, page 77